Unit
Unit title
Before and Now
units[15].title.en
Unit title (ru)
Ра́ньше и сейча́с
units[15].title.ru
Unit summary
The one new thing in this unit is time: everything you've learned, now in the past. был, the -л ending, and how to say where you went yesterday.
units[15].summary.en
Communicative competency
After this unit, you'll be able to say where you were and what you did yesterday — был / была, the -л past on verbs you already know, and ходил / ездил for trips.
units[15].communicativeCompetency.en
I was at home ru.a1.u16.l1
Lesson title
I was at home
units[15].lessons[0].title.en
Lesson title (ru)
Я был до́ма
units[15].lessons[0].title.ru
Recap title
Was, were
units[15].lessons[0].recapTitle.en
Recap subtitle
You met был / была — 'was' — and вчера from Unit 6. был follows the gender of the speaker; in 'I had…' it follows the thing owned.
units[15].lessons[0].recapSubtitle.en
Competency unlocked
Say where you were yesterday with был / была.
units[15].lessons[0].competencyUnlocked.en
Example word
был
units[15].lessons[0].exampleWord.text
Example word translation
was (m)
units[15].lessons[0].exampleWord.translation.en
introAudioru.a1.u16.l1.intro
Narration (Sarah)
Fifteen units of Russian — and so far, all of it happens now. Time to talk about before. The key is one short word: был — *'was'.* Я был до́ма — I was at home. It shifts with you: a man says был, a woman says была́. You already own вчера́ — *'yesterday'*, from Unit 6 — so you have everything you need. Вчера́ plus был. Listen. *Yesterday I was at home. (m)* — Вчера́ я был до́ма. *Yesterday I was at home. (f)* — Вчера́ я была́ до́ма. *Yesterday I was at work.* — Вчера́ я был на рабо́те. *Yesterday I was at the shop.* — Вчера́ я была́ в магази́не. *I had a sofa.* — У меня́ был дива́н. *I had a t-shirt.* — У меня́ была́ футбо́лка.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[0].payload.transcript.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l1.hr.byldoma
Russian
Вчера́ я был до́ма.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[1].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I was at home. (m)
units[15].lessons[0].activities[1].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
FCHi-RA ya byl DO-ma
units[15].lessons[0].activities[1].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l1.hr.byladoma
Russian
Вчера́ я была до́ма.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[2].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I was at home. (f)
units[15].lessons[0].activities[2].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
…ya by-LA DO-ma
units[15].lessons[0].activities[2].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l1.hr.bylnarabote
Russian
Вчера́ я был на рабо́те.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[3].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I was at work.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[3].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
…byl na ra-BO-tye
units[15].lessons[0].activities[3].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l1.hr.bylavmagazine
Russian
Вчера́ я была в магази́не.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[4].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I was at the shop.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[4].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
…by-LA v ma-ga-ZEE-nye
units[15].lessons[0].activities[4].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l1.hr.umenyabylbrat
Russian
У меня́ был дива́н
units[15].lessons[0].activities[5].payload.phrase
Translation
I had a sofa
units[15].lessons[0].activities[5].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
u me-NYA byl brat — agrees with брат
units[15].lessons[0].activities[5].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l1.hr.umenyabylasestra
Russian
У меня́ была́ футбо́лка
units[15].lessons[0].activities[6].payload.phrase
Translation
I had a t-shirt
units[15].lessons[0].activities[6].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
…by-LA ses-TRA — agrees with сестра
units[15].lessons[0].activities[6].payload.pronunciationNote.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l1.sh.byldoma
Phrase to shadow
Вчера я был дома.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[7].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[7].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try it — FCHi-RA ya byl DO-ma
units[15].lessons[0].activities[7].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[7].payload.silenceMessage.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l1.sh.byladoma
Phrase to shadow
Вчера я была дома.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[8].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[8].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try it — …ya by-LA DO-ma
units[15].lessons[0].activities[8].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[8].payload.silenceMessage.en
writePhraseru.a1.u16.l1.wp.byldoma
Russian
Вчера́ я был до́ма.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[9].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I was at home.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[9].payload.translation.en
writePhraseru.a1.u16.l1.wp.umenyabylasestra
Russian
У меня́ была́ футбо́лка
units[15].lessons[0].activities[10].payload.phrase
Translation
I had a t-shirt
units[15].lessons[0].activities[10].payload.translation.en
usageContextru.a1.u16.l1.uc.nowthen
Scene
Now, and yesterday
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.scene.en
Supporting text
One little word turns 'now' into 'before': был. Сейчас я дома — right now I'm home — becomes Вчера я был дома. There's one thing to feel, not memorise: был follows the gender of the person. A man says был, a woman была. The same holds when you talk about *having* something in the past — and here it leans on the thing owned, not on you: У меня был диван (a sofa — был), У меня была футболка (a sister — была). Don't parse it; just learn the pair as a chunk.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.supportingText.en
Russian · line 1
Сейча́с я до́ма.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[0].text
Translation · line 1
Right now I'm at home.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[0].translation.en
Speaker · line 1
Now
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[0].speaker.en
Russian · line 2
Вчера́ я был до́ма.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[1].text
Translation · line 2
Yesterday I was at home.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[1].translation.en
Speaker · line 2
Yesterday
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[1].speaker.en
Russian · line 3
Вчера́ я была́ до́ма.
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[2].text
Translation · line 3
Yesterday I was at home. (f)
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[2].translation.en
Speaker · line 3
Yesterday (f)
units[15].lessons[0].activities[11].payload.lines[2].speaker.en
Yesterday I worked ru.a1.u16.l2
Lesson title
Yesterday I worked
units[15].lessons[1].title.en
Lesson title (ru)
Вчера́ я рабо́тал
units[15].lessons[1].title.ru
Recap title
The -л past
units[15].lessons[1].recapTitle.en
Recap subtitle
Drop -ть, add -л (m) / -ла (f) / -ли (pl). The owned verbs — работать, читать, есть, спать — now in the past.
units[15].lessons[1].recapSubtitle.en
Competency unlocked
Put an owned verb in the past with -л.
units[15].lessons[1].competencyUnlocked.en
Example word
рабо́тал
units[15].lessons[1].exampleWord.text
Example word translation
worked (m)
units[15].lessons[1].exampleWord.translation.en
introAudioru.a1.u16.l2.intro
Narration (Sarah)
One small rule unlocks almost every verb you own. Take the verb, drop the -ть, add -л. Рабо́тать becomes рабо́тал. Чита́ть becomes чита́л. That -л is the past. A woman adds -ла, more than one person -ли — but the engine is the same: -л. You already have these verbs in the present; now you have them in the past. Listen. *Yesterday I read a book. A man, then a woman.* — Вчера́ я чита́л кни́гу. Вчера́ я чита́ла кни́гу. *Yesterday I worked.* — Вчера́ я рабо́тал. Вчера́ я рабо́тала. *Yesterday I ate soup.* — Вчера́ я ел суп. Вчера́ я е́ла суп. *Yesterday I slept.* — Вчера́ я спал. Вчера́ я спала́.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[0].payload.transcript.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l2.hr.chitalknigu
Russian
Вчера́ я чита́л/чита́ла кни́гу.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[1].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I read a book. (m/f)
units[15].lessons[1].activities[1].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
FCHi-RA ya chi-TAL KNEE-gu
units[15].lessons[1].activities[1].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l2.hr.rabotal
Russian
Вчера́ я рабо́тал/рабо́тала.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[2].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I worked. (m/f)
units[15].lessons[1].activities[2].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
…ya ra-BO-tal
units[15].lessons[1].activities[2].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l2.hr.elsup
Russian
Вчера́ я ел/е́ла суп.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[3].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I ate soup. (m/f)
units[15].lessons[1].activities[3].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
…ya yel sup
units[15].lessons[1].activities[3].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l2.hr.spal
Russian
Вчера́ я спал/спала́.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[4].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I slept. (m/f)
units[15].lessons[1].activities[4].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
…ya spal
units[15].lessons[1].activities[4].payload.pronunciationNote.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l2.sh.rabotal
Phrase to shadow
Вчера я работал.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[5].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[5].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try it — …ya ra-BO-tal
units[15].lessons[1].activities[5].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[5].payload.silenceMessage.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l2.sh.chitalknigu
Phrase to shadow
Вчера я читал книгу.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[6].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[6].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try it — …ya chi-TAL KNEE-gu
units[15].lessons[1].activities[6].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[6].payload.silenceMessage.en
writePhraseru.a1.u16.l2.wp.rabotal
Russian
Вчера́ я рабо́тал.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[7].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I worked.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[7].payload.translation.en
writePhraseru.a1.u16.l2.wp.elsup
Russian
Вчера́ я ел суп.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[8].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I ate soup.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[8].payload.translation.en
usageContextru.a1.u16.l2.uc.chitayuchital
Scene
I read — now and then
units[15].lessons[1].activities[9].payload.scene.en
Supporting text
Here's the whole engine in one pair: Я читаю — I'm reading, now. Я читал — I read, before. Drop the -ть off the verb, add -л, and you're in the past. Работать → работал. Спать → спал. Almost every verb you've learned takes this same -л. (A woman says читала, more than one читали — same ending, just -ла / -ли.) One rule, fifteen units of verbs suddenly available in the past.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[9].payload.supportingText.en
Russian · line 1
Сейча́с я чита́ю.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[9].payload.lines[0].text
Translation · line 1
Right now I'm reading.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[9].payload.lines[0].translation.en
Speaker · line 1
Now
units[15].lessons[1].activities[9].payload.lines[0].speaker.en
Russian · line 2
Вчера́ я чита́л/чита́ла кни́гу.
units[15].lessons[1].activities[9].payload.lines[1].text
Translation · line 2
Yesterday I read a book. (m/f)
units[15].lessons[1].activities[9].payload.lines[1].translation.en
Speaker · line 2
Yesterday
units[15].lessons[1].activities[9].payload.lines[1].speaker.en
He worked, she worked ru.a1.u16.l3
Lesson title
He worked, she worked
units[15].lessons[2].title.en
Lesson title (ru)
Брат рабо́тал, сестра́ рабо́тала
units[15].lessons[2].title.ru
Recap title
Past agrees with the subject
units[15].lessons[2].recapTitle.en
Recap subtitle
-л (m) / -ла (f) / -ли (pl) — the ending follows who did it. Recycles U5 family + жить (U13).
units[15].lessons[2].recapSubtitle.en
Competency unlocked
Match the past ending to he / she / they.
units[15].lessons[2].competencyUnlocked.en
Example word
рабо́тала
units[15].lessons[2].exampleWord.text
Example word translation
worked (f)
units[15].lessons[2].exampleWord.translation.en
introAudioru.a1.u16.l3.intro
Narration (Sarah)
The past tense listens to who did it. A man — рабо́тал. A woman — рабо́тала. More than one person — рабо́тали. Same verb; the ending follows the person. You met your family in Unit 5 — мой брат, моя́ сестра́, мои́ роди́тели — now put them in the past. *My brother worked.* — Мой брат рабо́тал. *My sister worked.* — Моя́ сестра́ рабо́тала. *My parents lived in Moscow.* — Мои́ роди́тели жи́ли в Москве́. *We read.* — Мы чита́ли. *They played.* — Они́ игра́ли.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[0].payload.transcript.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l3.hr.bratrabotal
Russian
Мой брат рабо́тал.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[1].payload.phrase
Translation
My brother worked.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[1].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
moy brat ra-BO-tal
units[15].lessons[2].activities[1].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l3.hr.sestrarabotala
Russian
Моя́ сестра́ рабо́тала.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[2].payload.phrase
Translation
My sister worked.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[2].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
ma-YA ses-TRA ra-BO-ta-la
units[15].lessons[2].activities[2].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l3.hr.roditelizhili
Russian
Мои́ роди́тели жи́ли в Москве́.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[3].payload.phrase
Translation
My parents lived in Moscow.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[3].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
ma-EE ra-DEE-tye-li ZHEE-li v mas-KVYE
units[15].lessons[2].activities[3].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l3.hr.mychitali
Russian
Мы чита́ли.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[4].payload.phrase
Translation
We read.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[4].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
my chi-TA-li
units[15].lessons[2].activities[4].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l3.hr.oniigrali
Russian
Они́ игра́ли.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[5].payload.phrase
Translation
They played.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[5].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
a-NEE ig-RA-li
units[15].lessons[2].activities[5].payload.pronunciationNote.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l3.sh.bratrabotal
Phrase to shadow
Мой брат работал.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[6].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[6].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try it — moy brat ra-BO-tal
units[15].lessons[2].activities[6].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[6].payload.silenceMessage.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l3.sh.sestrarabotala
Phrase to shadow
Моя сестра работала.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[7].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[7].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try it — …ses-TRA ra-BO-ta-la
units[15].lessons[2].activities[7].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[7].payload.silenceMessage.en
writePhraseru.a1.u16.l3.wp.sestrarabotala
Russian
Моя́ сестра́ рабо́тала.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[8].payload.phrase
Translation
My sister worked.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[8].payload.translation.en
writePhraseru.a1.u16.l3.wp.oniigrali
Russian
Они́ игра́ли.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[9].payload.phrase
Translation
They played.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[9].payload.translation.en
usageContextru.a1.u16.l3.uc.agreement
Scene
Where does she work?
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.scene.en
Supporting text
Same verb, three endings, and the only thing that chooses is *who*: Мой брат работал, моя сестра работала, мои родители работали. -л for him, -ла for her, -ли for more than one. You already use this without thinking with был / была — it's the very same rule, now across every verb. Learn it through the family you already know.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.supportingText.en
Russian · line 1
Где рабо́тает твоя́ сестра́?
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[0].text
Translation · line 1
Where does your sister work?
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[0].translation.en
Speaker · line 1
Макси́м
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[0].speaker.en
Speaker (ru) · line 1
Макси́м
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[0].speaker.ru
Russian · line 2
Она́ рабо́тала продавцо́м в магази́не. Сейча́с она́ не рабо́тает. А где ты рабо́таешь?
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[1].text
Translation · line 2
She worked as a shop assistant. Right now she isn't working. And where do you work?
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[1].translation.en
Speaker · line 2
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[1].speaker.en
Speaker (ru) · line 2
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[1].speaker.ru
Russian · line 3
Я то́же не рабо́таю. Я рабо́тал врачо́м.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[2].text
Translation · line 3
I'm not working either. I worked as a doctor.
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[2].translation.en
Speaker · line 3
Макси́м
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[2].speaker.en
Speaker (ru) · line 3
Макси́м
units[15].lessons[2].activities[10].payload.lines[2].speaker.ru
Yesterday I went to the shop ru.a1.u16.l4
Lesson title
Yesterday I went to the shop
units[15].lessons[3].title.en
Lesson title (ru)
Вчера́ я ходи́л в магази́н
units[15].lessons[3].title.ru
Recap title
Went: ходил / ездил
units[15].lessons[3].recapTitle.en
Recap subtitle
Everyday past of motion — ходил (on foot), ездил (by vehicle); был в Х = ходил в Х.
units[15].lessons[3].recapSubtitle.en
Competency unlocked
Say where you went yesterday — ходил / ездил.
units[15].lessons[3].competencyUnlocked.en
Example word
ходи́л
units[15].lessons[3].exampleWord.text
Example word translation
went, on foot (m)
units[15].lessons[3].exampleWord.translation.en
introAudioru.a1.u16.l4.intro
Narration (Sarah)
In Transport you learned иду́ and еду — going, now, on foot or by wheel. For yesterday's trips Russians reach for two everyday words: ходи́л — *went on foot, there and back* — and е́здил — *went by vehicle*. And a handy equivalence: 'I was at the shop' and 'I went to the shop' say the same thing — был в магази́не equals ходи́л в магази́н. *Yesterday I went to the shop.* — Вчера́ я ходи́л в магази́н. *I went to work (by vehicle).* — Я е́здил на рабо́ту.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[0].payload.transcript.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l4.hr.hodilvmagazin
Russian
Вчера́ я ходи́л в магази́н.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[1].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I went to the shop.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[1].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
FCHi-RA ya kha-DEEL v ma-ga-ZEEN (= был в магазине)
units[15].lessons[3].activities[1].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l4.hr.ezdilnarabotu
Russian
Я е́здил на рабо́ту.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[2].payload.phrase
Translation
I went to work (by vehicle).
units[15].lessons[3].activities[2].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
ya YEZ-dil na ra-BO-tu
units[15].lessons[3].activities[2].payload.pronunciationNote.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l4.sh.hodilvmagazin
Phrase to shadow
Вчера я ходил в магазин.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[3].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[3].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try it — …ya kha-DEEL v ma-ga-ZEEN
units[15].lessons[3].activities[3].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[3].payload.silenceMessage.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l4.sh.ezdilnarabotu
Phrase to shadow
Я ездил на работу.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[4].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[4].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try it — ya YEZ-dil na ra-BO-tu
units[15].lessons[3].activities[4].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[4].payload.silenceMessage.en
writePhraseru.a1.u16.l4.wp.hodilvmagazin
Russian
Вчера́ я ходи́л в магази́н.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[5].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I went to the shop.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[5].payload.translation.en
usageContextru.a1.u16.l4.uc.bylhodil
Scene
Was there = went there
units[15].lessons[3].activities[6].payload.scene.en
Supporting text
Two ways to say the same yesterday: Я был в магазине — I was at the shop — and Я ходил в магазин — I went to the shop. For a place you visited and came back from, they mean the same thing; pick whichever comes first. On foot it's ходил, by car or bus it's ездил. This is the past-tense close on the иду / еду pair you opened in Transport.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[6].payload.supportingText.en
Russian · line 1
Я был в магази́не.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[6].payload.lines[0].text
Translation · line 1
I was at the shop.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[6].payload.lines[0].translation.en
Speaker · line 1
Was
units[15].lessons[3].activities[6].payload.lines[0].speaker.en
Russian · line 2
Я ходи́л в магази́н.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[6].payload.lines[1].text
Translation · line 2
I went to the shop.
units[15].lessons[3].activities[6].payload.lines[1].translation.en
Speaker · line 2
Went
units[15].lessons[3].activities[6].payload.lines[1].speaker.en
A whole yesterday ru.a1.u16.l5
Lesson title
A whole yesterday
units[15].lessons[4].title.en
Lesson title (ru)
Вчера́
units[15].lessons[4].title.ru
Recap title
Before and now
units[15].lessons[4].recapTitle.en
Recap subtitle
You can narrate yesterday: был, the -л past, agreement, ходил/ездил — plus нравился / болел by recognition. From here, 'now' has a 'before'.
units[15].lessons[4].recapSubtitle.en
Competency unlocked
Tell a short story about yesterday in the past tense.
units[15].lessons[4].competencyUnlocked.en
Example word
вчера́
units[15].lessons[4].exampleWord.text
Example word translation
yesterday
units[15].lessons[4].exampleWord.translation.en
introAudioru.a1.u16.l5.intro
Narration (Sarah)
You can talk about before now. Let's pull a whole yesterday together. Two small extras to recognise, not drill: *'I liked the soup'* — мне понра́вился суп — the verb leans on the soup, not on you. And *'my tooth hurt'* — у меня́ боле́л зуб. Listen to a full yesterday, then tell your own. *I liked the soup.* — Мне понра́вился суп. *My tooth hurt.* — У меня́ боле́л зуб. *Yesterday I was at home. I read and ate. Then I went to the shop.* — Вчера́ я был до́ма. Я чита́л и ел. Пото́м я ходи́л в магази́н.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[0].payload.transcript.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l5.hr.nravilsysup
Russian
Мне понра́вился суп.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[1].payload.phrase
Translation
I liked the soup.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[1].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
mnye NRA-vil-sya sup — agrees with суп
units[15].lessons[4].activities[1].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l5.hr.bolelzub
Russian
У меня́ боле́л зуб.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[2].payload.phrase
Translation
My tooth hurt.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[2].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
u me-NYA ba-LYEL zub — agrees with зуб
units[15].lessons[4].activities[2].payload.pronunciationNote.en
hearAndReadru.a1.u16.l5.hr.capstone
Russian
Вчера́ я был до́ма. Я чита́л и ел. Пото́м я ходи́л в магази́н.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[3].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I was at home. I read and ate. Then I went to the shop.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[3].payload.translation.en
Pronunciation note
…ya byl DO-ma. ya chi-TAL ee yel. pa-TOM ya kha-DEEL v ma-ga-ZEEN
units[15].lessons[4].activities[3].payload.pronunciationNote.en
shadowingru.a1.u16.l5.sh.capstone
Phrase to shadow
Вчера я был дома. Я читал и ел. Потом я ходил в магазин.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[4].payload.targetPhrase
Prompt
Say it back.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[4].payload.prompt.en
After an attempt
Try the whole yesterday — start with Вчера я был дома
units[15].lessons[4].activities[4].payload.attemptMessage.en
After silence
I didn't hear anything — give it a try when you're ready.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[4].payload.silenceMessage.en
writePhraseru.a1.u16.l5.wp.vcheraya
Russian
Вчера́ я …
units[15].lessons[4].activities[5].payload.phrase
Translation
Yesterday I … (write your own)
units[15].lessons[4].activities[5].payload.translation.en
usageContextru.a1.u16.l5.uc.recall
Scene
Yesterday and today
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.scene.en
Supporting text
Then and now — the whole unit in four lines, all in words you own.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.supportingText.en
Russian · line 1
Вчера́ я была́ на рабо́те. Сего́дня я до́ма.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[0].text
Translation · line 1
Yesterday I was at work. Today I'm at home.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[0].translation.en
Speaker · line 1
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[0].speaker.en
Speaker (ru) · line 1
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[0].speaker.ru
Russian · line 2
Вчера́ я рабо́тала. Сего́дня я чита́ю.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[1].text
Translation · line 2
Yesterday I worked. Today I'm reading.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[1].translation.en
Speaker · line 2
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[1].speaker.en
Speaker (ru) · line 2
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[1].speaker.ru
Russian · line 3
Вчера́ я е́здила на метро́. Сего́дня — нет!
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[2].text
Translation · line 3
Yesterday I went by metro. Today — no!
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[2].translation.en
Speaker · line 3
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[2].speaker.en
Speaker (ru) · line 3
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[2].speaker.ru
Russian · line 4
Вчера́ был суп. И сего́дня… то́же суп!
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[3].text
Translation · line 4
Yesterday there was soup. And today… also soup!
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[3].translation.en
Speaker · line 4
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[3].speaker.en
Speaker (ru) · line 4
Ка́тя
units[15].lessons[4].activities[6].payload.lines[3].speaker.ru
usageContextru.a1.u16.l5.uc.recap
Scene
A whole yesterday
units[15].lessons[4].activities[7].payload.scene.en
Supporting text
Here's a yesterday, start to finish, all in words you already own: Вчера я был дома. Я читал и ел. Потом я ходил в магазин. Was, read, ate, went — four verbs, one past. Two more you'll meet by ear: things you liked (мне нравился …) and things that hurt (у меня болел …) lean on the thing, not on you — нравился суп, болел зуб. Now write your own three lines: where you were, what you did, where you went.
units[15].lessons[4].activities[7].payload.supportingText.en